Endnotes

1. Gappa, Judith M., Ann E. Austin, and Andrea G. Trice. 2007. Rethinking Faculty Work, 4. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Zezima, Katie. 2009, Jan. 27. “Data Show College Endowments Lost 23% in 5 Months, Worst Drop Since ‘70s.” New York Times, p. A17.

3. Ehrenberg, Ronald G., J. Michael Rizzo, and George H. Jakubson. 2003. Who Bears the Growing Cost of Science at Universities? Working Paper 9627, 9. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.nber.org/papers/w9627.

4. University of Colorado at Boulder. 2001. Faculty Recruitment and Retention Task Force Report. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.colorado.edu/AcademicAffairs/fac_recruit/fac_recruit.doc.

5. Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. 2006. Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, 102. Washington: The National Academies Press (citing Callister, Ronda Roberts 2006. “The Impact of Gender and Department Climate of Job Satisfaction and Intentions to Quit for Faculty in Science and Engineering Fields.” Journal of Technology Transfer, 31: 367–75.).

6. Hughes, Sherri Lind. Ph.D., Dean of Graduate and Professional Studies, McDaniel College. Interview with Donna Norton, July 18, 2007.

7. O’Neil, Pamela. Associate Provost of Brown University. Interview with Joan Williams, October, 2008.

8. Williams, Joan. Confidential communications with College and University Deans, 2007-2008.

9. Gappa, supra note 1, at 111 (citing U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 2004.)

10. Thornton, Saranna. 2003. “Maternity and Childrearing Leave Policies for Faculty: The Legal and Practical Challenges of Complying with Title VII.” Southern California Review of Law and Women's Studies, 12(2): 170.

11. Id.

12. Williams, Joan C., Tamina Alon, and Stephanie Bornstein. 2006. “Beyond the ‘Chilly Climate’: Eliminating Bias Against Women and Fathers in Academe.” Thought & Action: The NEA Higher Education Journal, 79-96, 91; Euben, Donna. 2004. “Legal Watch: Family Matters.” Acadame Online. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/academe/2004/ND/Col/ndlw.htm (discussing Arkin v. University of Oregon).

13. Still, Mary C. 2006. Litigating the Maternal Wall, 2. San Francisco: Center for WorkLife Law. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.worklifelaw.org/pubs/FRDreport.pdf.

14. Thornton, supra note 10, at 177.

15. Id.

16. Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, supra note 5, at 5–24.

17. Government Accountability Office. 2004. Women's Participation in the Sciences Has Increased, But Agencies Need to Do More to Ensure Compliance with Title IX. Washington, D.C.: Author. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04639.pdf.

18. Wolfinger, Nicholas H., Mary Ann Mason, and Marc Goulden. 2004. “Problems in the Pipeline: Gender, Marriage and Fertility in the Ivory Tower.” Journal of Higher Education, 79(4): 388–405.

19. Blumenthal, George. University of California Santa Cruz Chancellor. Interview with Donna Norton, August 3, 2007.

20. West, Martha S. and John W. Curtis. 2006. AAUP Faculty Gender Indicators 2006, 5, 9, 10. Washington: American Association of University Professors.

21. Burrelli, Joan. 2008. Survey of Doctorate Recipients, NSF 08-308: Thirty-Three Years of Women in S&E Faculty Positions, 1, 4, 5. Arlington: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics.

22. West, supra note 20 at 21.

23. Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, supra note 5, at 2.

24. Mason, Mary Ann and Marc Goulden. “Do Babies Matter? The Effect of Family Formation on the Lifelong Careers of Academic Men and Women.” Academe Online, Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/academe/2002/ND/Feat/Maso.htm.

25. Shauman, Kimberlee and Mary Noonan. 2007. “Family Migration and Labor Force Outcomes.” Social Forces, 85:1735–37 (2007); Xie, Yu and Kimberlee Shauman. 2003. Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

26. Mason, supra note 24, at 7 (“Only one in three women who takes a fast track university job without children ever become mothers.”).

27. The UC Faculty Family Friendly Edge. 2007. Creating a Family Friendly Department: Chairs and Deans Toolkit, 17. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://ucfamilyedge.berkeley.edu/ChairsandDeansToolkitFinal7-07.pdf.

28. Drago, Robert et al. 2005. “Bias Against Caregiving.” Academe Online, Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/academe/2005/SO/Feat/drag.htm.

29. Id.